98學年度第一學期
清華大學人類學研究所
考古學
授課教師:臧振華

98年9月


一、 課程目的

考古學顧名思義是研究古代的學問。作為人類學的一個分支(至少是在新大陸),考古學最大作用是在於增加研究人類文化的時間深度與視野,以符合人類學對人類社會文化作整體研究的目的。所以作為人類學的學生,不論是否專攻考古學,都有必要對這門人類學基本分科的內涵和發展有基本的認識。本課程的目的便是要使同學瞭解什麼是考古學,包含它的性質、目的、發展過程、所使用的資料、研究的方法和理論,以及當前研究的方向和課題。本課程的上課時間是從98年9月14日至99年1月1月10日,計畫的進度如下:

二、 課程大綱

第一堂:課程簡介與協調
第二堂:考古學的定義、目的與基本概念
第三堂:考古學發展的歷史、現狀與趨勢
第四堂:考古學資料的性質與研究設計
第五堂:考古資料的獲得(一):考古調查
第六堂:考古資料的獲得(二):考古發掘
第七堂:考古學資料的處理與分析(一)
第八堂:考古學資料的處理與分析(二)
第九堂:考古年代學
第十堂:考古學空間分析
第十一堂:考古學推論和重建
第十二堂:考古學解釋
第十三堂:考古學研究案例(一):社會考古學、認知考古學
第十四堂:考古學研究案例(二):聚落考古學、環境考古學
第十五堂:考古學與人類史前史
第十六堂:考古學與文化資產

三、 課程要求

本課程以講授、閱讀和討論三種形式進行。為顧及修課的同學大都未曾修習過考古學相關的課程,因此,課程講授的內容著重基本觀念,並以實際研究案例的閱讀和討論,以增加理解。每次上課之前均會指定閱讀資料,於課中由同學輪流報告,以增加學習效果。本課程要求包括:

1、 平時出席、指定閱讀和報告討論 (40%)
2、 期末考試 (30%)
3、 期末報告須寫三千字以上研究報告一篇(30%),可包括研究報告、讀書心得、書評,或研究計畫等,須於課程結束後一個月內準時交繳,遲繳扣分。

四、 基本教科書
Ashmore, Wendy, Robert J. Sharer
1996 Discovering Our Past: A Brief Introduction to Archaeology. Mountain View, California: Mayfield Publising Company.
Daniel, Glyn
1997 A Short History of Archaeology. New York: Thames and Hudson.
Hester, Thomas, R., Robert F. Heizer and John A. Graham,
1975 Field Methods in Archaeology. Palo Alto: Mayfield Publishing Company.
Hodder , Ian, Michael Shanks, Alexandra Alexandri, et al.
1995 Interpreting Archaeology. Routledge, London and New York.
Hodder, Ian
2001 Archaeological Theory Today. Oxford: Blackwell.
King, Thomas, F.
1978 Archaeological Survey: Methods and Uses. Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service, U. S. Department of the Interior , Washington, D. C.
Renfrew, Colin and Paul Bahn
2000 Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice. Thames and Hudson.(現已出第五版,大陸有第三版的中譯本)
Renfrew, Colin and Paul Bah (eds)
2005 Archaeology : the Key Concepts. London: Routledge
張光直
1988 《考古學專題六講》。臺北:稻香

五、 其他參考書
Dark, K. R.
1995 Theoretical Archaeology. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York.
Hodder , Ian
1999 The Archaeological Process. Blackwell Publishers, London
Leone, Mark P. (editor)
1972 Contemporary Archaeology. Southern Illinois University Press.
Michael Shanks and Christopher Tilly
1987 Social Theory and Archaeology. Polity Press, Cambridge.
Preucel , Robert W. and Ian Hodder (editors)
1996 Contemporary Archaeology in Theory. Blackwell Publishers, London.
Schiffer , Michael (editor)
1978- Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory. (Series) Academic Press, New York.

六、 常用考古學期刊

1、 American Antiquity
2、 Antiquity
3、 Archaeology
4、 Journal of Field Archaeology
5、 Anthropological Archaeology
6、 World Archaeology
7、 台灣大學考古人類學刊
8、 中研院歷史語言研究所集刊
9、 考古學報
10 考古
11 田野考古
七、 指定閱讀資料

第一堂:課程簡介與協調
第二堂:考古學的定義、目的與基本概念
1. Colin Renfrew and Paul Bahn,
Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice: Introduction
2. 張光直:考古學專題六講:第三講泛論考古學
3. Lewis R. Binford, Archaeology as Anthropology. American Antiquity, vol. 28,
no. 2, 1962.
第三堂:考古學發展的歷史、現狀與趨勢
1. Colin Renfrew and Paul Bahn,
Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice: Chapter 1, History of Archaeology.
2. Paul Martin, The Revolution in Archaeology, American Antiquity, vol. 36, no.
1, 1971, pp. 1-8.
3. Kent V. Flannery, Culture History V. Cultural Process: A Debate in American
Archaeology, Scientific American, vol. 217, no. 2, 1967.
4. Ian Hodder, ed., Archaeological Theory Today. Chapter 1:
Introduction: A Review of Contemporary Theoretical Debates in Archaeology. (Ian Hodder)
第四堂:考古學資料的性質與研究設計
1.Colin Renfrew and Paul Bahn,
Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice: Introduction: chapter 2, The Variety of the Evidence.
2. Wendy Ashmore and Robert J. Sharer, Discovering Our Past,
Chapter 4: How Archaeology Works.
3. Lewis R. Binford,
A Consideration of Archaeological Research Design, American Antiquity, vol. 29, no. 4, 1964.
4. Ian Hodder, ed., Archaeological Theory Today. Chapter 2: Behavior
Archaeology: Toward a New Synthesis. (Vincent M. LaMotta and Michael
B. Schiffer)
第五堂:考古資料的獲得(一):考古調查
1. Colin Renfrew and Paul Bahn,
Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice: Introduction: chapter 3, Survey and Excavation of Sites and Features.
2. Thomas F. King, The Archaeological Survey: Methods and Uses, Chapter3:
The Variety of Archaeological Surveys.
3. Thomas F. King, The Archaeological Survey: Methods and Uses, Chapter4:
Basic Archaeological Site Survey Methods..
第六堂:考古資料的獲得(二):考古發掘
1. Colin Renfrew and Paul Bahn,
Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice, chapter 3, Survey and Excavation of Sites and Features.
2. Thomas, R. Hester, Robert F. Heizer and John A. Graham,
Field Methods in Archaeology, Chapter 5: Methods of Excavation.
3. Thomas, R. Hester, Robert F. Heizer and John A. Graham,
Field Methods in Archaeology, Chapter 6: Recording Excavation Data and Collecting Artifacts.
第七堂:考古學資料的處理與分析(一)
1. Wendy Ashmore and Robert J. Sharer. Discovering Our Past, Chapter 6:
Analyzing Our Past.
2. Thomas, R. Hester, Robert F. Heizer and John A. Graham,
Field Methods in Archaeology, Chapter 10: Their Study and Care.
3. 張光直《考古學專題六講》第四講考古分類。
第八堂:考古學資料的處理與分析(二)
1. Colin Renfrew and Paul Bahn, Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice,
Chapters 6, 7, 8.
第九堂:考古年代學
1.Colin Renfrew and Paul Bahn, Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice, Chapter 4.
2.http://www.radiocarbon.com/
第十堂:考古學空間分析
1. Colin Renfrew and Paul Bahn, Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice,
Chapter 9
2, 張光直《考古學專題六講》第五講談聚落型態古。
3. GIS Usage in Worldwide Archaeology, Archaeologioa e Calcolatori 9, 1998, 19-29
第十一堂:考古學推論和重建
1.Wendy Ashmore and Robert J. Sharer. Discovering Our Past, Chapter 8:
Reconstructing the Past.
2.K.R. Dark, Theoretical Archaeology, Chapter 2: The Framework of
Archaeological Reasoning.
第十二堂:考古學解釋
1.Colin Renfrew and Paul Bahn, Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice, Chapter 12.
2.Wendy Ashmore and Robert J. Sharer. Discovering Our Past, Chapter 9:
Understanding the Past.
3.Michael Shanks and Ian Hodder, eds. Interpreting Archaeology, Chapter 2:
Interpretive Archaeologies: some theme, and questions.
第十三堂:考古學研究案例(一):社會考古學、認知考古學
1. William Longacre, Archaeology as Anthropology: A Case Study. Science vol. 144, 1964.
2. James N. Hill, A Prehistoric Community in East Arizona. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, vol. 22, no. 1, 1966.
3. K.R. Dark, Theoretical Archaeology, Chapter 6: Cognitive Archaeology
第十四堂:考古學研究案例(二):聚落考古學、環境考古學
1.William Sears, The State and Settlement Patterns in the New World. In K.C. Chang, ed., Settlement Archaeology. Palo Alto, California, 1968.
2.Jared Diamond, Ecological Collapses of Pre-Industrial Society, 2003, UCLA Lecture
第十五堂:考古學與人類史前史
Brian M. Fagan, People of the Earth: An Introduction of World Prehistory. Prentice Hall, 2003.
第十六堂:考古學與文化資產維護
1.Colin Renfrew and Paul Bahn, Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice, Chapter 14.
2.Wendy Ashmore and Robert J. Sharer. Discovering Our Past, Chapter
10:Archaeology Today..